Metabolic diagnosis and medical prevention of calcium nephrolithiasis and its systemic manifestations: a consensus statement
نویسندگان
چکیده
BACKGROUND Recently published guidelines on the medical management of renal stone disease did not address relevant topics in the field of idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis, which are important also for clinical research. DESIGN A steering committee identified 27 questions, which were proposed to a faculty of 44 experts in nephrolithiasis and allied fields. A systematic review of the literature was conducted and 5216 potentially relevant articles were selected; from these, 407 articles were deemed to provide useful scientific information. The Faculty, divided into working groups, analysed the relevant literature. Preliminary statements developed by each group were exhaustively discussed in plenary sessions and approved. RESULTS Statements were developed to inform clinicians on the identification of secondary forms of calcium nephrolithiasis and systemic complications; on the definition of idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis; on the use of urinary tests of crystallization and of surgical observations during stone treatment in the management of these patients; on the identification of patients warranting preventive measures; on the role of fluid and nutritional measures and of drugs to prevent recurrent episodes of stones; and finally, on the cooperation between the urologist and nephrologist in the renal stone patients. CONCLUSIONS This document has addressed idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis from the perspective of a disease that can associate with systemic disorders, emphasizing the interplay needed between urologists and nephrologists. It is complementary to the American Urological Association and European Association of Urology guidelines. Future areas for research are identified.
منابع مشابه
Metabolic and Anatomic Abnormalities Associated with Pediatric Nephrolithiasis: a Cross-Sectional Study
Background Pediatric nephrolithiasis is a condition the prevalence of which varies geographically with multiple etiologies. The aim of this study was to determine possible concomitant anatomic and metabolic disturbances in children with nephrolithiasis and to answer the questions regarding the role of each metabolic and anatomic abnormality. Materials and Methods Between 2007 and 2015, 1,080 pa...
متن کاملParathyroid Carcinoma: Case Report and Review of the Literatur
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism and occurs in one percent of cases. Most of the patients at the time of diagnosis are young and the mean age is 40 year-old and occur with equal frequency in both sexes. In most series, serum calcium levels are ≽ 14 mg/dl and in half of them, a palpable cervical mass is evident. Clinical manifestations are maily due to hyperca...
متن کاملHyperoxalurias and their treatment
Hyperoxaluria is characterized by an increased in excretion of oxalate by kidney.There are two distinct clinical expressions of hyperoxaluria, named primary and secondary hyperoxaluria. Primary hyperoxaluria is a genetic disorder due to defective enzyme activity .In contrast , secondary hyperoxaluria , is caused by increased dietary ingestion of oxalate or oxalate precursors. There are three ma...
متن کاملKidney Diseases
The pathophysiology of urinary stone formation is complex, involving a combination of metabolic, genetic, and environmental factors. Over the past decades, remarkable advances have been emerged in the understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of calcium kidney calculi. For this review, both original and review articles were found via PubMed search on pathophysiology, diagnosis...
متن کاملThe association of nephrolithiasis with metabolic syndrome and its components: a cross-sectional analysis
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is a worldwide disorder and also the major risk factor of several systemic diseases. Evidence identifying the association between metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis is lacking, especially in Taiwan. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the association between nephrolithiasis and metabolic syndrome and its components. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a cr...
متن کامل